AKARSU / AKIŞ+AR+SU

Folio 85v and 86r (The Map Foldout) Text in Latin: “OIKARSU” (ÆOIKARSU (akarsu) / ÄIKARSU (akar+su)/ OIKICARSU (akışar+su) / OIKIARSU (akar+su)). This compound word is made up of the word “OIKAR (ÆOIKAR / OIKIAR / ÄIKAR )” and the word “SU”. This word “OIKAR” in modern Anatolian Turkish would be “AKAR”. This root of this word is “AK” and the suffix is “-AR ”, yet the word is often presented in its infinitive suffixed form as “AKMAK” (Akalın, Clauson, Gülensoy, Sözce). The first word “OIKAR (AKAR)” is directly defined and translated as “flowing”, “running”, and “to be runny”. The second word “SU” is commonly defined as “water” (Akalın, Clauson, Eyüboğlu, Gülensoy, Orucov, Sözce). Thus, the word “OIKARSU (AKARSU)” means “flowing water”, “running water” and-or “stream”. This definition is not only very direct in translation, as it is later contextually verified by the illustration itself. Note: a. AKMAK (ak+mak) > “-mek/-mak”: these are suffixes of Turkish infinitive. They turn the root word into a verb as well as also a concrete noun. Furthermore, the “k” drops when (me[k]/ma[k]) another suffix is added beside it (Clauson, Eyuboğlu, Guise) b. AKAR (ak+ar) > The suffixes “-AR" and "-ER” (-ar -er -ır -ir -ur -ür -r) in Turkish are simple present tense positive participle formations. (The Simple Present Tense is used for habitual situations. The wide tense participle is an adjective. It precedes the noun which it describes. (Guise)) Turkish simple tense regular single syllable verb formation for verbs of one syllable which end in a consonant the positive tense sign is -ar or -er. There are some exceptions to this general rule. This tense is the only one which shows some irregularity in its formation. There are few verbs which take -ar or -er as their causative sign. (Guise) - [-ar/-er/-ır/-ir/-ur/-ür properly an Aorist (past tense) Participial Suffix; forms a few Nouns and Noun/Adjectives. In addition to that, -r- (after vowels)/-ar-/-er- (the ordinary form after consonants)/-ır-/-ir- (very rare, after Dissyllable Nouns in which the second vowel, -ı-/-i-, is elided, fairly common. The (Denominal Noun) -ar/-er (also -rer in ikkirer)/-şar/-şer (after vowels) forms Distributives after Numerals, e.g. birer ‘one each’, and Adjectives of quantity, e.g. azar ‘a few each’; very rare; also a Deverbal and Conjugational Suffix. (Clauson) - In addition to this, the suffixes '-ar', '-er', '-r', which make verbs from nouns in Turkish language, are also seen. Examples of this can be seen in Turkmen-Turkish and Azerbaijani-Turkish. (For example, we can produce the verb 'suv-ar (suvar)' (watering) by adding it to the word 'suv (su (water))'. Bu sözcüğü 'akarsu' ve 'akışarsu (akış+ar+su) şeklinde okuya biliyoruz.